Publication

Effect of use of 13-valent PCV in children on invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, population-based surveillance

Authored by:

Moore MR, Link-Gelles R, Schaffner W et al.

Full Citation:

Moore MR, Link-Gelles R, Schaffner W et al. 2015. Effect of use of 13-valent PCV in children on invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, population-based surveillance. Lancet. 15.

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Additional key concepts from this publication:

Herd effects multiply the benefits of immunization.

Key Evidence: After PCV13 replaced PCV7 in the U.S. infant immunization program in 2010, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by the 6 additional serotypes in the new vaccine declined by 75% in children too old to be vaccinated (5-17 years) by the third year following the switch, and by 58-72% in adults, compared to the expected incidence if PCV7 alone had been continued. This led to overall reductions in IPD incidence of 53% in 5-17 year olds and of 12-32% in adults within three years of the switch from PCV7 to PCV13.

Immunization can decrease hospital admissions, thus alleviating pressure on overburdened health systems.

Key Evidence: A study based on population- and lab-based surveillance of bacterial infections in the U.S. estimated that, of the estimated 400,000 cases and 30,000 deaths from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) that were likely prevented from 2001 to 2012 with the introduction of PCV7 (in 2000) and PCV13 (in 2010) in the infant immunization schedule, more than half of cases prevented and nearly 90% of prevented deaths were among people older than 5 years of age.

The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has been shown to significantly reduce the rate of antibiotic and multi-drug resistant strains of pneumococcal disease.

Key Evidence: A large U.S. study of surveillance data examining the impact of switching from PCV7 to PCV13 for infants demonstrated how important vaccination is in combating antimicrobial resistance. While the incidence of antibiotic-resistant invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) was increasing before the introduction of PCV13, drug resistant IPD declined 78-96% in children under five after the vaccine introduction.